Study on the Constitutive Modeling of (2.5 vol%TiB + 2.5 vol%TiC)/TC4 Composites under Hot Compression Conditions.

The hot deformation behavior of titanium matrix composites plays a crucial role in determining the performance of the formed components. Therefore, it is significant to establish an accurate constitutive relationship between material deformation parameters and flow stress. In this study, hot compression experiments were conducted on a (2.5 vol%TiB + 2.5 vol%TiC)/TC4. The experiments were performed under temperatures ranging from 1013.15 to 1133.15 K and strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 s-1. Based on the stress-strain data obtained from the experiment, the constitutive models were established by using the Arrhenius model and the BP neural network algorithm, respectively. Considering the relationship between strain rate, hot working temperature, and flow stress, a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the prediction accuracy of two different constitutive models. The research results indicate that the flow stress of (2.5 vol%TiB + 2.5 vol%TiC)/TC4 increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate, and the stress-strain curve shows obvious work hardening and softening behaviors. Both the Arrhenius model and the BP neural network algorithm are effective in predicting the hot compression flow stress of (2.5 vol%TiB + 2.5 vol%TiC)/TC4, but the average relative error and root mean square error of the BP neural network algorithm are smaller and the correlation coefficient is higher, thus possessing higher accuracy and reliability.

Deidentifying Narrative Assessments to Facilitate Data Sharing in Medical Education.

PROBLEM: Narrative assessments are commonly incorporated into competency-based medical education programs. However, efforts to share competency-based medical education assessment data among programs to support the evaluation and improvement of assessment systems have been limited in part because of security concerns. Deidentifying assessment data mitigates these concerns, but deidentifying narrative assessments is time-consuming, resource intensive, and error prone. The authors developed and tested a tool to automate the deidentification of narrative assessments and facilitate their review. APPROACH: The authors met throughout 2021 and 2022 to iteratively design, test, and refine the deidentification algorithm and data review interface. Preliminary testing of the prototype deidentification algorithm was performed using narrative assessments from the University of Saskatchewan emergency medicine program. The algorithm's accuracy was assessed by the authors using the review interface designed for this purpose. Formal testing included 2 rounds of deidentification and review by members of the authorship team. Both the algorithm and data review interface were refined during the testing process. OUTCOMES: Authors from 3 institutions, including 3 emergency medicine programs, an anesthesia program, and a surgical program, participated in formal testing. In the final round of review, 99.4% of the narrative assessments were fully deidentified (names, nicknames, and pronouns removed). The results were comparable for each institution and specialty. The data review interface was improved with feedback obtained after each round of review and found to be intuitive. NEXT STEPS: This innovation has demonstrated viability evidence of an algorithmic approach to the deidentification of assessment narratives while reinforcing that a small number of errors are likely to persist. Future steps include the refinement of both the algorithm to improve its accuracy and the data review interface to support additional data set formats.

Biological control of potato common scab and growth promotion of potato by Bacillus velezensis Y6.

Potato common scab, caused mainly by Streptomyces scabies, causes surface necrosis and reduces the economic value of potato tubers, but effective chemical control is still lacking. In this study, an attempt was made to control potato common scab by inoculating potatoes with Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis) and to further investigate the mechanism of biological control. The results showed that B. velezensis Y6 could reduce the disease severity of potato common scab from 49.92 ± 25.74% [inoculated with Streptomyces scabies (S. scabies) only] to 5.56 ± 1.89% (inoculated with S. scabies and Y6 on the same day) and increase the potato yield by 37.32% compared with the control under pot experiment in this study. Moreover, in the field trial, it was found that Y6 could also significantly reduce disease severity from 13.20 ± 1.00% to 4.00 ± 0.70% and increase the potato yield from 2.07 ± 0.10 ton/mu to 2.87 ± 0.28 ton/mu (p < 0.01; Tukey's test). Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that 256 potato genes were upregulated and 183 potato genes were downregulated in response to B. velezensis Y6 inoculation. In addition, strain Y6 was found to induce the expression of plant growth-related genes in potato, including cell wall organization, biogenesis, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and plant hormone transduction genes, by 1.01-4.29 times. As well as up-regulate hydroquinone metabolism-related genes and several transcription factors (bHLH, MYB, and NAC) by 1.13-4.21 times. In summary, our study will help to understand the molecular mechanism of biological control of potato common scab and improve potato yield.

Risk factors of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) leakage is common and might lead to severe postoperative complications after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection. However, the risk factors of postoperative CSF leakage are still controversial. This article presents a systematic review to explore the explicit risk factors of CSF leakage after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenomere section. Methods: PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines were followed to assess the methodological quality of the systematic review. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Clinical Trails, CNKI, CBM, Wan Fang, and VIP databases were searched for all studies on postoperative CSF leak risk factors. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Review Manager 5.4 software was used to calculate the pooled effect size of potential factors with statistical significance. Results: A total of 6775 patients with pituitary adenoma across 18 articles were included, containing 482 cases of postoperative CSF leakage (accounting for 7.11%). All of the articles had a quality score > 5, indicating good quality. Meta-analysis showed that an increased risk of CSF leak was found for higher levels of BMI (MD=1.91, 95% CI (0.86,2.96), bigger tumor size [OR=4.93, 95% CI (1.41,17.26)], greater tumor invasion (OR=3.01, 95% CI (1.71, 5.31), the harder texture of tumor [OR=2.65, 95% CI (1.95,3.62)], intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage [OR=5.61, 95% CI (3.53,8.90)], multiple operations [OR=2.27, 95% CI (1.60,3.23)]. Conclusion: BMI, multiple operations, tumor size, tumor invasion, hard texture, and intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage are the risk factors of postoperative CSF leakage. Clinical doctors should pay attention to these risk factors, and conduct strict skull base reconstruction and careful postoperative management.

Investigation on the Modeling and Reconstruction of Head Injury Accident Using ABAQUS/Explicit.

A process of modeling and reconstructing human head injuries involved in traffic crashes based on ABAQUS/Explicit is presented in this paper. A high-fidelity finite element (FE) model previously developed by the authors is employed to simulate a real accident case that led to head injury. The most probable head impact position informed by CT images is used for the FE modeling and simulation since the head impact position is critical for accident reconstruction and future analysis of accidents that involve human head injuries. Critical von Mises stress on the skull surface of the head model is chosen as the evaluation criterion for the head injury and FE simulations on 60 cases with various human head-concrete ground impact conditions (impact speeds and angles) were run to obtain those stress values. The FE simulation results are compared with the CT images to determine the minimum speed that will cause skull fracture and the corresponding contact angle at that speed. Our study shows that the minimum speed that would cause skull fracture is 3.5 m/s when the contact angle between the occipital position of the injured head and the ground is about 30°. Effects of the impact speed and the contact angle on the maximum von Mises stress of the head model are revealed from the simulations. The method presented in this paper will help forensic pathologists to examine the head impact injuries and find out the real reasons that lead to those injuries.

Developing a dashboard for program evaluation in competency-based training programs: a design-based research project.

Background: Canadian specialist residency training programs are implementing a form of competency-based medical education (CBME) that requires the assessment of entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Dashboards could be used to track the completion of EPAs to support program evaluation. Methods: Using a design-based research process, we identified program evaluation needs related to CBME assessments and designed a dashboard containing elements (data, analytics, and visualizations) meeting these needs. We interviewed leaders from the emergency medicine program and postgraduate medical education office at the University of Saskatchewan. Two investigators thematically analyzed interview transcripts to identify program evaluation needs that were audited by two additional investigators. Identified needs were described using quotes, analytics, and visualizations. Results: Between July 1, 2019 and April 6, 2021 we conducted 17 interviews with six participants (two program leaders and four institutional leaders). Four needs emerged as themes: tracking changes in overall assessment metrics, comparing metrics to the assessment plan, evaluating rotation performance, and engagement with the assessment metrics. We addressed these needs by presenting analytics and visualizations within a dashboard. Conclusions: We identified program evaluation needs related to EPA assessments and designed dashboard elements to meet them. This work will inform the development of other CBME assessment dashboards designed to support program evaluation.

Contexte: Les programmes de résidence dans une spécialité au Canada offrent une formation médicale fondée sur les compétences (FMFC) qui exige l'évaluation des activités professionnelles confiables (APC). Des tableaux de bord pourraient être utilisés pour suivre la complétion des APC afin de faciliter l'évaluation des programmes. Méthodes: Par un processus de recherche basé sur la conception, nous avons ciblé les besoins des programmes liés aux évaluations de la FMFC et conçu un tableau de bord qui comprend les éléments (données, analyses et visualisations) nécessaires pour répondre à ces besoins. Nous avons eu recours à des entretiens auprès des responsables du programme de médecine d'urgence et du bureau d'éducation médicale postdoctorale de l'Université de Saskatchewan. Deux enquêteurs ont effectué une analyse thématique des transcriptions des entretiens afin de recenser les besoins d'évaluation du programme, vérifiés par la suite par deux autres enquêteurs. Les besoins recensés ont été décrits à l'aide de citations, d'analyses et de visualisations. Résultats: Entre le 1er juillet 2019 et le 6 avril 2021, nous avons mené 17 entretiens avec six participants (deux responsables de programmes et quatre responsables de l'établissement). Quatre besoins sont ressortis en tant que thèmes : le suivi des changements dans les mesures d'évaluation globales, la comparaison des mesures avec le plan d'évaluation, l'évaluation de l'efficacité du stage et l'engagement face à des mesures d'évaluation. Nous avons répondu à ces besoins en présentant des analyses et des visualisations dans un tableau de bord. Conclusions: Nous avons identifié les besoins d'évaluation du programme liés aux évaluations des APC et conçu des éléments de tableau de bord pour y répondre. Ce travail guidera la conception d'autres tableaux de bord d'évaluation de la FMFC en vue de faciliter l'évaluation des programmes.

A Poisoning Outbreak Caused by Millettia Pachycarpa - Chongqing Municipality, December 2020.

What is already known about this topic? Millettia pachycarpa belongs to the Fabaceae family and is widely distributed in the southern China. It is toxic for the rotenone contained in its roots and seeds, and ingesting its seeds could result in poisoning. What is added by this report? In December, 2020, a poisoning from plant seeds occurred in Chongqing Municipality. The etiological association was confirmed based on epidemiological investigation, clinical manifestation, plant species identification, and rotenone analysis. The patient rapidly developed central nervous and respiratory depression with metabolic acidosis. The plant was identified as Millettia pachycarpa, and toxin analysis indicated that the rotenone content contained in the seeds was high enough to cause intoxication. What are the implications for public health practice? Millettia pachycarpa poisoning is rare but could be fatal. Efforts should be made to educate and communicate with the public, doctors, and public health practitioners that the toxic effects the seeds could be life-threating when swallowed, both accidentally or intentionally.

Developing a dashboard for faculty development in competency-based training programs: a design-based research project.

BACKGROUND: Canadian specialist residency training programs are implementing a form of competency-based medical education (CBME) that requires frequent assessments of entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Faculty struggle to provide helpful feedback and assign appropriate entrustment scores. CBME faculty development initiatives rarely incorporate teaching metrics. Dashboards could be used to visualize faculty assessment data to support faculty development. METHODS: Using a design-based research process, we identified faculty development needs related to CBME assessments and designed a dashboard containing elements (data, analytics, and visualizations) meeting these needs. Data was collected within the emergency medicine residency program at the University of Saskatchewan through interviews with program leaders, faculty development experts, and faculty participating in development sessions. Two investigators thematically analyzed interview transcripts to identify faculty needs that were audited by a third investigator. The needs were described using representative quotes and the dashboard elements designed to address them. RESULTS: Between July 1, 2019 and December 11, 2020 we conducted 15 interviews with nine participants (two program leaders, three faculty development experts, and four faculty members). Three needs emerged as themes from the analysis: analysis of assessments, contextualization of assessments, and accessible reporting. We addressed these needs by designing an accessible dashboard to present contextualized quantitative and narrative assessment data for each faculty member. CONCLUSIONS: We identified faculty development needs related to EPA assessments and designed dashboard elements to meet them. The resulting dashboard was used for faculty development sessions. This work will inform the development of CBME assessment dashboards for faculty.

CONTEXTE: Les programmes de résidence de spécialité au Canada mettent en œuvre une forme d'éducation axée sur les compétences (EASC) qui exige des évaluations formatives fréquentes des activités professionnelles confiables (APC). Les enseignants ont du mal à fournir une rétroaction utile et à attribuer des notes appropriées au niveau de confiance. Les initiatives de formation professorale des enseignants qui interviennent dans la EASC intègrent rarement leurs données psychométriques. Des tableaux de bord pourraient être utilisés pour visualiser les données d'évaluation du corps professoral afin de soutenir leur perfectionnement. MÉTHODES: En utilisant un processus de recherche orientée par la conception, nous avons déterminé les besoins de formation professorale liés aux évaluations dans la EASC et nous avons conçu un tableau de bord contenant des éléments (données, analyses et éléments visuels) pour répondre à ces besoins. Les données ont été recueillies dans le cadre du programme de résidence en médecine d'urgence de l'Université de Saskatchewan par le biais d'entretiens avec les responsables du programme, des experts en formation professorale et les enseignants participant aux séances de formation. Deux chercheurs ont procédé à une analyse thématique des transcriptions d'entrevues afin d'identifier les besoins des enseignants, et un troisième chercheur les a vérifiées. Les besoins ont été décrits à l'aide de citations représentatives et des éléments du tableau de bord conçus pour y répondre. RÉSULTATS: Entre le 1er juillet 2019 et le 11 décembre 2020, nous avons mené 15 entretiens avec neuf participants (deux responsables de programme, trois experts en formation professorale et quatre membres du corps professoral). Trois besoins sont ressortis comme thèmes de l'analyse : l'analyse des évaluations formatives, la contextualisation des évaluations formatives et l'accessibilité des rapports. Pour répondre à ces besoins, nous avons conçu un tableau de bord accessible présentant des données d'évaluation quantitatives et narratives contextualisées pour chaque membre du corps professoral. CONCLUSIONS: Nous avons identifié les besoins de formation professorale liés aux évaluations des APC et conçu les éléments d'un tableau de bord permettant d'y répondre. Le tableau de bord a été utilisé dans des séances de formation professorale. Ce travail orientera la réalisation de tableaux de bord afin de faciliter l'évaluation pour les enseignants dans le cadre de la EASC.

A modified method of coracoid transposition for the treatment of complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint.

OBJECTIVE: To report a new method of coracoid transposition for the treatment of complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint and to evaluate its efficacy. METHODS: We modified Dewar's surgical method as follows: (1) Two small incisions, a transversal incision on the acromioclavicular joint and a longitudinal incision on the coracoid, were made instead of a conventional large arc incision from the acromion to coracoid. (2) The foreign body in the acromioclavicular joint was cleared out. The chondral surface at the lateral segment of clavicle was resected to form a pseudarthrosis and meanwhile the residual joint capsule and ligaments were repaired. (3) The coracoid was moved to the anteroinferior edge of the clavicle instead of the anterior margin and (4) the coracoid was moved to the lateral border of the clavicle instead of the superior border of the coracoclavicular ligament. RESULTS: The follow-up duration in 30 patients of the series was from 6 to 72 months (mean 41 months). Functional assessment was carried out by the criteria delineated previously by Karkson, in which Grade A was in 24 cases, Grade B in 4 cases, and C in 2. CONCLUSIONS: This modified technique, having less postoperative complications and less injuries to tissues and according well with the requirement of biomechanics, can achieve a stable reduction of acromioclavicular joint with a good functional and cosmetic result and therefore is preferable to use clinically on a large scale.